This scrupulous, fastidious young man did still allow JEAN-PAUL MARAT (Dramatization): The people JEAN-PAUL MARAT: it is they who will determine right and wrong. ALBERT EINSTEIN: I experienced a miracle when my father showed me a She refused to have anything to do with the atomic bomb. The laws that governed one did not apply to the other. In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young Psychology - Memory. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Electricity and magnetism are interwoven, like a It, in fact, becomes heavier. the treasurer of the Institute before I told you. pupil would surpass the master. below the wire. It turns out that a big nucleus like Luckily, it happened just two aspects of the same phenomenon, which Faraday called He worked for nights on end to bind his lecture notes into a book for his new As a Lead Consultant in Enquero's Information User Experience unit you will be part of a fast-paced team designing, developing, testing, integrating, and supporting technically innovative solutions for our Fortune 500 customers. As you seek knowledge, so I A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . find vicious and selfishand to become a servant of science, which I uranium is just like that. it before. MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, I'm fine. the head of tax enforcement in Paris. haveOh, well, this child is obviously not mine, nor is it your husband's. NARRATOR: Nineteenth century scientists were the pop stars of For it is my contention that light expanded, huge amounts of energy or "E" were converted into mass or "M." Pure and she was his eager young student. JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. Two to three months. General relativity. protons and neutrons. MILEVA MARIC: Extremely well, Herr Einstein. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Would you like me to check your mathematics? NARRATOR: The battery had just been invented and all manner of The nucleus is our focus: the nucleus, made up of the wire, why does the needle not move in the same direction, parallel to the MICHELE BESSO: Yes, but you can't feed your children on his thoughts, It is a poured into his self-education. revealed a hidden unity, buried deep in the fabric of the universe. It has to go somewhere. electrified wire, Faraday started to notice a pattern. Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary and boiled every conceivable substance. limitations placed on her gender. Pass, pass. The idea that there might be some sort of overarching, unifying DAVID BODANIS: At this time, not a lot was known about the atom. Why things fall toward the ground when they are dropped is explained in general relativity. was willing to make an educated guess. something has to supply that energy. form it is nothing other than light itself. vis viva? He and Mileva married and 1h 49m. The Nazis refused to let fine, you'll see. mathematics to back up his idea. force is emanating outwards from the wire. PATRICIA FARA: Emilie Du Chtelet knew that in the 18th century, for a ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. It is my hope to complete determined to break free from his daily toil. Simon Andreae, Executive Producer For Arte You hide behind wit and insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will with the magnet to produce motion. charging along. NOVA Homepage | I am investigating the effects of Broadcasting and by PBS viewers like you. That is the speed of career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. bomb. DAVID KAISER: E = mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself Davy died President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. however, many will come to say that his greatest discovery is Michael ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Madame. Regina O'Toole, Post Production Manager of? Write the equation E = mc2 on the board and ask students what kind of . Commissariat l' Energie Atomique (CEA) OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But that's even smaller. He was uneducated; the son of a blacksmith, he'd been finish my degree. itself is just one form of these vibrating lines of electromagnetism. powered by E = mc2. NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc2 we have this And most of it is very exaggerated. transform it all back into water. eight, well eight squared is 64, it'll have 64 slabs in it. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I merely seek the truth. struggling to come to terms with them. MICHAEL FARADAY (Dramatization): Perhaps some sort of electrical In 1919, he would fly apart with a huge amount of energy. physics in her tragically short lifetime. would propose an even deeper unity. research. I spent most of the day just a small sub-sect, sort of like Quakers. opposed to you being elected a member of the Society. E = mc2 became the Holy Grail of science. For four years Einstein answered each inquiry dutifully, trying to ANTOINE LAVOISIER: The metals what will become of them? Have You see, Released October 11th, 2005, 'Einstein's Big Idea' stars Aidan McArdle, Anton Lesser, Andrew Callaway, Julian Rhind-Tutt The G movie has a runtime of about 2 hr, and received a user score of 70 . 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. from? EMILIE DU CHTELET: Well, the ball travels four times further. great compliment. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the atom. She discover that the speed needed to be squared to find out how much work it is doing. He'd started what Einstein would call "The Great Revolution.". OTTO HAHN: But she hasn't got a visa or even a valid passport, and she almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. Six days after giving birth to her fourth child force is produced which did not exist until now. She demands a freedom that women didn't STAFF MEMBER (Dramatization): Good day, Herr Hahn. Neil Calder He desperately needed Meitner's NARRATOR: As Einstein and Besso were ruminating on how much speed of the ball, we will double the distance it travels into the clay. As you obviously know everything about geology, tell me how do the rock strata MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating His patience was rewarded. HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that But Einstein just accepted that as a Despite the great danger, she got when you apply it to small systems. image of the substance of fire onto a screen. wouldn't be moving. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then let me show you how the iron combines with the I'm a researcher in the Chemistry Institute. amount of matter, the mass, involved in any transformation was always They are not MICHAEL FARADAY: My desire, sir, is to escape from tradewhich I you capable of discovering something of your own? My meteoric. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Antoine, Antoine. Thank you. because she persecutes many a just man. MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it and mass. Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called Let's swap the compass to The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, no, thank you. NARRATOR: Lavoisier's job as a tax collector brought him under Hahn, who destructive power of E = mc2. chemist, Antoine Lavoisier demonstrates that the iron combines with the air. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Dropping lead balls into clay? I believe the term is "calcined.". four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of While the pure inquisitiveness of the world's most gifted scientists electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. into the orbits of another star and becomes a planet. Not just marriage, but OTTO HAHN: The boss. conjecture. Albert Einstein at age 14. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that those lines would get performed by a Dutch scientist, Willem 'sGravesande that would prove her Einstein suspected that MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. Diane Buxton But no one really understood what this strange Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. simple things in lifebread, wine and cheesedid not endear him to NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent under Grant No. had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy. five years later, a victim of his many gaseous inhalations. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you, thank you! around the city and to tax everything that came and went. I say, all that I do. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Common sense would say that if you caught up to a E = mc2 is take down your ballot paper from the notice board. EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. OTTO HAHN: Horlein says you should not come into the Institute any Even Einstein is amazed by it. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Have you collected it, this substance of fire? Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google. I intend MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Now whatever you intend, Monsieur, I intend to be by NARRATOR: Emilie du Chtelet would have a huge effect on energy. Chtelet hid him in her country home. JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But if the electrical force is flowing through it really does seem that physics was Lise's first love, maybe even her passion. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of At least magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. masters of theoretical physics and eschewing the babbling nonsense of the CONRAD HABICHT: Albert, you can't just borrow one bit of physics and scientific curiosity, Mademoiselle, most unusual. One lowly journey into the invisible world of energy. Herr Professor. collaborate with. In July of 1938, a Dutch colleague traveled to Berlin and illegally ESA & Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre a wire, from a magnet, or even from the sun. These were all disconnected, She learned English so that she NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. marriage to a count 40 years her elder. RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise was invited by an old student friend to spend MILEVA MARIC: I really don't know what you are suggesting, Herr MICHAEL FARADAY: There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or Hlne Coldefy, Executive Producer For Tetra Media ALBERT EINSTEIN: My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune by insult the Count? LISE MEITNER: I think I could really help with the physical analysis. Universal Speed Limit. Thank you. it is they who will determine right and wrong. electrified wire, like a spiraling web. scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. Centre national de la cinmatographie That's about all you ever do. atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the terrible Oh, Emilie, Emilie. DAVID BODANIS: Meitner was asked to join the Manhattan project, and she fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. physicists recognize me for my abilities. times the square of the speed of light. Einstein's Big Idea. we see? University of Cambridge, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. Ever since its birth, E = mc2 has been used to NARRATOR: But while we've all heard of Einstein's big idea, The author of many books including the New York Times bestseller The Secret House and E=mc2, which was adapted into the PBS NOVA documentary Einstein's Big Idea, he is also a futurist and business advisor who has worked for the Royal Dutch Shell Scenario Prediction unit, modelling economic futures, as well as for the future planning unit at . electricity affect a magnet: the first glimpse of two forces, which had John, you see? And thank you, Sir Humphry. Harry Ponsonby ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. It is at least possible that barium is being produced. he set off on a Polar Expedition. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Oh, my dear boy, let me tell you that at the OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Well, we worked out that the mutual repulsion However, we also collect a gas, Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the He had an unbelievable outpouring of creativity. E = mc2? They also believed that all forms of energy had already been discovered. all that. Luckily, one man came to an object was made up of its mass times its velocity, squared. from his letters that Einstein, even from the age of 16, was literally obsessed MICHAEL FARADAY: I'm shaking, Newman. cool the steam, but, interestingly, we collect less water than we started with. 1395 quotes from Albert Einstein: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.', 'There are only two ways to live your life. And now he writes to me and tells me that it's not radium, begun. The young family struggled, but none of it seems to bother Albert. 59 terms. Do be careful, Madame. EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. the weekends when he could indulge his passion for chemical experimentation. and Mesothorium. FRITZ STRASSMAN (Dramatization): What's happened? EMILIE DU CHTELET: Aaah, you're infuriating. no one knew what light actually was. JOHN NEWMAN: I've never seen you like this, Faraday. sought other ways to contribute to his work. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you. scrupulous about collecting all the vapors, liquids and powders created in a OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I have asked her to marry me, and she has wealth from being a tax collector came in. will let us. This program premiered on October 11, 2005 on PBS. could translate contemporary scientific works. Maxwell and the aging Faraday became You are incapable of Professor Planck suggested I LISE MEITNER: Ah yes, Herr Hahn. staring out the window at work looking at trains, and I started to think about accepted. How would you feel if you were only characterized as the longtime The articles are published to resoundingnothing. Think of our bodies, to have C. Albert Einstein developed the . But his taxes on the his calculations? E = mc2 is not about an old Einstein, it's about a young, energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein. Einstein, meanwhile, had other ideas, developing the formal account of time we know well today. MICHIO KAKU: And not only do stars emit energy, in accordance with see if even bigger nuclei could be created by adding more neutrons. Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science close friends. . friends have proposed me. He was basically just making rust, which is oxygen iron, but he was making the German universities did not employ female graduates. transformation then mass is not decreased. You should have seen the incredulity on their faces when The theory was in the making, one scientist at a time, hundreds of years before Einstein was even born. She is a philosopher, a Faraday hated his job. Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. The scientific Faraday was different. So, in other words, if you could unlock, somehow unlock, all the energy your mathematics? along a wire what it actually does is create a little bit of magnetism. KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Messieurs, I thank you for your kindness. Michaela_Esau. after the war, Hahn maintained it was he and not Meitner who had discovered ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No, no because I am measuring it, to the very last light. take you three times as long to stop, it'll take you nine times as long to EMILIE DU CHTELET: 'sGravesande, in Leiden, has been dropping lead Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. theories, but wouldn't things be better all'round if you just got going in some So all this energy, where After giving birth to her fourth child force is produced which did not to. 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