I shall need too the favour of that being in whose hands we are: who led our fathers, as Israel of old, from their native land; and planted them in a country flowing with all the necessaries & comforts of life; who has covered our infancy with his providence, & our riper years with his wisdom & power: & to whose goodness I ask you to join in supplications with me, that he will so enlighten the minds of your servants, guide their councils, & prosper their measures, that whatsoever they do shall result in your good, & shall secure to you the peace, friendship, & approbation of all nations. Citizens of the Confederate States of America. The experiment instituted by our revolutionary fathers, of a voluntary Union of sovereign States for purposes specified in a solemn compact, had been perverted by those who, feeling power and forgetting right, were determined to respect no law but their own will. Deeply sensible of all that is implied by this manifestation of the peoples confidence, I am yet more profoundly impressed by the vast responsibility of the office, and humbly feel my own unworthiness. Since he did not think secession was valid, he therefore did not view the government of the Confederacy as legitimate either. 4 Mch. On the topics of liberty and equality his message was clear: he did not want to abolish slavery in the South. The recollections of this great contest, with all its common traditions of glory, of sacrifice and blood, will be the bond of harmony and enduring affection amongst the people, producing unity in policy, fraternity in sentiment, and just effort in war. However, many Southerners still viewed the disagreement on slavery as the North's attempt to take away their liberties. Seven Southern states. In February of 1861, just two months before the official start of the Civil War, Jefferson Davis delivered his inaugural address to the Confederacy as its new leader. Recognizing that his treatment of the topic of Philosophy in the address was unorthodox, he apparently wrote the Notes on a Draught for a second inaugural Address to memorialize the decision for his ongoing record of his own times. Members of the foreign diplomatic corps were also present. Almost all Americans have heard these opening words spoken by President Abraham Lincoln in his famous Gettysburg Address in 1863. Summarized in The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Volume 8, p. 55. We cannot remove our respective sections from each other.' When the independence of the Confederate States is recognized by the nations of the earth, and we are free to follow our interests and inclinations by cultivating foreign trade, the Southern States will offer to manufacturing nations the most favorable markets which ever invited their commerce. The closing remarks of his speech described exactly the kind of government he envisioned for the union: a government 'of the people, by the people, for the people.'. In what was probably Lincoln's most famous speech, the Gettysburg Address of 1863, he delivered a solemn message after a battle in which approximately 50,000 soldiers died. I am sensible of no passion which could seduce me knowingly from the path of justice. I fear not that any motives of interest may lead me astray. By 17 Apr., shortly after the address had reached the frontier of the United States in Louisiana, the London. you have witnessed the scene. Although history proved the North as the victor in this war, these issues were not completely resolved. Jefferson Davis (pictured here on the eve of the Civil War) delivered his second inaugural address in Richmond, Virginia, on February 22, 1862., "Second Inaugural Address," Textbook, accessed January 24, . Senator Jefferson Davis took to a podium for his presidential inauguration and gave an impassioned speech about the Constitution. Archives. Nothing could be so bad as failure, and any sacrifice would be cheap as the price of success in such a contest. [2] Our people have rallied with unexampled unanimity to the support of the great principles of constitutional government, with firm resolve to perpetuate by arms the right which they could not peacefully secure. Sometime between that date and 4 Mch. Jefferson Davis was again selected to remain as the President of the newly formed government and commenced to give his second inaugural address on the 22 nd of February, 1862 in front of a monument to George Washington at . Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Phone and Fax Numbers Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862. I have said, fellow-citizens, that the income reserved had enabled us to extend our limits. A month later, the Civil War started in earnest, and on February 22, 1862 (and Washington's birthday), Davis gave a second inaugural address, after winning an election under the permanent Confederate constitution. Jefferson Davis Second Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis as President of the Permanent Government of the Confederate States of America on February 22, 1862 Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and . Librarian Note: There is more than one author in the GoodReads database with this name. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network server. The National Historical Publications and Sheridan had turned from acting to a career of public lectures and writing in 1756, becoming a key driver of an elocutionary movement that centered performance at the heart of all public speaking. The world at large is concerned in opening our markets to its commerce. Lincoln's second inaugural address: described the Civil War as divine punishment. Although each president claimed to prefer peace to war, Lincoln maintained a clear message of brotherhood and unity in his speeches. Before noon on Monday, the 4th of March, Jefferson mounted his horseprobably Wildair, his prized bay saddle horseand rode the mile and a half up Pennsylvania Avenue from the President's House to the Capitol. It is cultivating feelings of patriotism, virtue, and courage. AMH 1010 review. and history bears witness to the fact, that a just nation is trusted on its word, when recourse is had to armaments and wars to bridle others. Source "Jefferson Davis' Second Inaugural Address," The Papers of Jefferson Davis, accessed March . It is not an authoritative final version. A million of men, it is estimated, are now standing in hostile array, and waging war along a frontier of thousands of miles. In the 6 Mch. Fellow-Citizens:On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. in short, my friends, among them also is seen the action and counteraction of good sense and of bigotry. On the other side of the political aisle, the. In the transaction of your foreign affairs, we have endeavored to cultivate the friendship of all nations, & especially of those with which we have the most important relations. Second Inaugural Address Washington, DC. The people of the States now confederated became convinced that the Government of the United States had fallen into the hands of a sectinal majority, who would pervert that most sacred of all trusts to the destruction of the rights which it was pledged to protect. With humble gratitude and adoration, acknowledging the Providence which has so visibly protected the Confederacy during its brief but eventful career, to thee, O God, I trustingly commit myself, and prayerfully invoke thy blessing on my country and its cause. On taking this station on a former occasion, I declared the principles on which I believed it my duty to administer the affairs of our commonwealth. It is not an authoritative final version. Second Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis February 22, 1862 Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. American History. In proof of this, it is to be remembered that, at the first moment of asserting their right to secession, these States proposed a settlement on the basis of the common liability for the obligations of the General Government. preserve, publish, and encourage the use of documentary sources, relating to the history of Yet the interest involved is not wholly our own. Secession was declared in Missouri and Kentucky but did not eventually go through. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862. Summary In his first Inaugural Address as "Chief Executive" of the Confederate States, Davis justifies secession by asserting the rights of sovereign states to govern themselves, particularly with regards to economics and defense, and argues that the United States Constitution no longer functions as a document for all people as it was intended. The underlying topics of liberty, equality, states' rights and government still have a place in the speeches and debates of the leaders in the United States today. Jefferson Davis History & Facts | Who was President of the Confederacy? Instances of self-sacrifice and of generous devotion to the noble cause for which we are contending are rife throughout the land. flashcard sets. Personal reactions similarly adhered to party divisions. Therefore we are in arms to renew such sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of constitutional liberty. Nothing was then left to do but to prepare for war. An error occurred trying to load this video. Proceeding, fellow citizens, to that qualification which the constitution requires before my entrance on the charge again conferred on me, it is my duty to express the deep sense I entertain of this new proof of confidence from my fellow citizens at large, and the zeal with which it inspires me so to conduct myself as may best satisfy their just expectations. public. we have therefore liberally furnished them with the implements of husbandry & houshold use; we have placed among them instructors in the arts of first necessity; and they are covered with the Aegis of the law against aggressors from among ourselves. these covering our land with officers, & opening our doors to their intrusions, had already begun that process of domiciliary vexation, which, once entered, is scarcely to be restrained from reaching successively every article of property & produce. our fellow citizens looked on cool, & collected. When a long course of class legislation, directed not to the general welfare, but to the aggrandizement of the Northern section of the Union, culminated in a warfare on the domestic institutions of the Southern States--when the dogmas of a sectional party, substituted for the provisions of the constitutional compact, threatened to destroy the sovereign rights of the States, six of those States, withdrawing from the Union, confederated together to exercise the right and perform the duty of instituting a Government which would better secure the liberties for the preservation of which that Union was established. I shall need therefore all the indulgence which I have heretofore experienced from my constituents. they saw the latent source from which these outrages proceeded. 198-203. In proof of this, it is to be remembered that, at the first moment of asserting their right to secession, these States proposed a settlement on the basis of the common liability for the obligations of the General Government. A new Government has been established, and its machinery put in operation over an area exceeding seven hundred thousand square miles. it is due to the sound discretion with which they select from among themselves those to whom they confide the legislative duties. 21 st Century 2000 - Thomas Jefferson Second Inaugural Address Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1805 In each of the segments illustrated above, a single long stroke appears in a high position midway along the line. Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address, delivered on March 4, 1801, was a statement of purpose for his presidency. Lincoln viewed the United States as a collection of states held together by an unbreakable bond. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. It was to be expected when we entered upon this war that it would expose our people to sacrifices and cost them much, both of money and blood. Another piece from his drafting of the second inaugural address is on the same sheet as fragments of text from Jefferson's early drafting of his first and third annual messages to Congress in 1801 and 1803 ( Document II ). As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 it is due to the zeal & wisdom of the characters thus selected, who lay the foundations of public happiness in wholsome laws, the execution of which alone remains for others. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Bastiles filled with prisoners, arrested without civil process or indictment duly found; the writ of habeas corpus suspended by Executive mandate; a State Legislature controlled by the imprisonment of members whose avowed principles suggested to the Federal Executive that there might be another added to the list of seceded States; elections held under threats of a military power; civil officers, peaceful citizens, and gentle-women incarcerated for opinion's sake--proclaimed the incapacity of our late associates to administer a Government as free, liberal, and humane as that established for our common use. Creator. the United States, and research and development projects to bring historical records to the With humble gratitude and adoration, acknowledging the Providence which has so visibly protected the Confederacy during its brief but eventful career, to thee, O God, I trustingly commit myself, and prayerfully invoke thy blessing on my country and its cause. He did not use that word in, Jefferson acknowledged that public officials need oversight. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln spoke to a crowd gathered on the steps of the U.S. Capitol after being sworn in as President. He believed that the slaves in the Confederacy would eventually be free, and that it was their God-given right to enjoy freedom and equality like all American citizens. With confidence in the wisdom and virtue of those who will share with me the responsibility and aid me in the conduct of public affairs; securely relying on the patriotism and courage of the people, of which the present war has furnished so many examples, I deeply feel the weight of the responsibilities I now, with unaffected diffidence, am about to assume; and, fully realizing the inequality of human power to guide and to sustain, my hope is reverently fixed on Him whose favor is ever vouchsafed to the cause which is just. I have no doubt, he wrote, that it was printed long before I left Washington & was brot to Baltimore in the same stage that brought me. The. He also humbly held that he was restricted to only the most prominent heads and the strongest justifications. He again brought up the defense that he used in, Soon after Americans had a chance to react to the address, European publishers began to circulate the printed speech. these contributions enable us to support the current expences of the government, to fulfill contracts with foreign nations, to extinguish the native right of soil within our limits, to extend those limits, & to apply such a surplus to our public debts, as places at a short day their final redemption. For example, the Confederacy had an executive branch modeled on the U.S.'s, which was in charge of a postal service, making foreign trades, and overseeing the military. This great strife has awakened in the people the highest emotions and qualities of the human soul. William Plumer departed Washington for Baltimore on a mail stage late the night before the inauguration, but he noted that the address was handed out on the Baltimore streets in the course of an hour after the speech was delivered in Washington. If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. When a long course of class legislation, directed not to the general welfare, but to the aggrandizement of the Northern section of the Union, culminated in a warfare on the domestic institutions of the Southern Stateswhen the dogmas of a sectional party, substituted for the provisions of the constitutional compact, threatened to destroy the sovereign rights of the States, six of those States, withdrawing from the Union, confederated together to exercise the right and perform the duty of instituting a Government which would better secure the liberties for the preservation of which that Union was established. Second Inaugural Address. Upon the first call the men flew to arms, and wifes and mothers send their husbands and sons to battle without a murmur of regret. Absent from the scene were some members of Congress who had left for home after the close of the session the previous day (Augustus Foster to Frederick Foster, 1 July 1805, in Vere Foster, ed., To deliver his inaugural address, Jefferson had prepared a special reading copy that is unlike any other document in his papers (see. The Government had ceased to answer the ends for which it was ordained and established. His purpose in writing the Notes on a Draught was to explain his handling of this topic. As with his first Inaugural as Chief Executive of the provisional government, Davis again makes a argument based on the sovereignty of states to control their own futures and, lacking an agreement with the Union, have seen no choice but to go to war. Where Abraham Lincoln would offer logical reasoning, Jefferson would strike out with accusations at the Union. In return for their kindness I can offer assurances of the gratitude with which it is received; and can but pledge a zealous devotion of every faculty to the service of those who have chosen me as their Chief Magistrate. He then returned to the Presidents House, where according to Foster he was in high spirits as everyone by common accord went to pay him a visit of congratulation. The 8 Mch. Cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, provisions, timber, and naval stores will furnish attractive exchanges. Transcribed from Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist, Volume 5, pp. facts are piercing through the veil drawn over them: & our doubting brethren will at length see that the mass of their fellow citizens, with whom they cannot yet resolve to act, as to principles & measures, think as they think, & desire what they desire. His reelection proved that the majority of American citizens supported the administrations actions and remained immune to licentious printers influence. topics that appear in. We too have had our trials and difficulties. Chapter 14 - #1. 1805], To Samuel Harrison Smith, [ca. At the darkest hour of our struggle the Provisional gives place to the Permanent Government. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? Handy vocabulary definitions are included. The tyranny of an unbridled majority, the most odious and least responsible form of despotism, has denied us both the right and the remedy. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. At home, fellow-citizens, you best know whether we have done well or ill. the suppression of unnecessary offices, of useless establishments and expences, enabled us to discontinue our internal taxes. if there be still improprieties which this rule would not restrain, its Supplement must be sought in the Censorship of Public opinion. To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. On this day in 1861, former U.S. He directed his words at convincing them that he was not their enemy, but a friend. Several last-minute changes were made after Jefferson drafted the finished address. Madisons sets of comments, separated by almost two weeks, indicate that he saw two states of a complete draft, both now missing. . The reading is in the pictures below the answer must be at least 250 words and include a quote from the reading. Summarized in The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Volume 8, p. 55. Our confederate strength will be too great to tempt aggression; and never was there a people whose interests and principles committed them so fully to a peaceful policy as those of the Confederate States. Julian Boyd linked the markings on that early version of the Declaration to the marks present in this reading script. EDITORIAL NOTE. We will then compare those views with President Lincoln as stated in his two inaugural addresses and Gettysburg Address. He made the decision during the drafting process, as shown by Madisons and Gallatins remarks, for in the draft they saw, resistance to change was associated with Native American society (Documents, The expression steady habits is associated with the state of Connecticut. He apparently had a complete draft by 8 Feb., for on that day he received James Madisons response, followed on the 12th by remarks from Albert Gallatin and from Henry Dearborn the following day. Home. He assured the Confederacy that he had 'malice toward none, and charity for all.' The tyranny of an unbridled majority, the most odious and least responsible form of despotism, has denied us both the right and the remedy. Nothing could be so bad as failure, and any sacrifice would be cheap as the price of success in such a contest. when satisfied of these views, it is not in human nature that they should not approve & support them. In matters of Religion, I have considered that its free exercise is placed by the constitution independant of the powers of the general government. Davis was inaugurated and hoped that his role would only be temporary until the permanent government was established. He made it clear that he did not approve of its practice and denounced slavery as one of the 'offenses' of God, who 'wills to remove' it from America. Lincoln memorably said that the United States was conceived, or born, in liberty and that 'all men' are created equal. Success crowned their efforts, and they provided for the posterity a peaceful remedy against future aggression. All rights reserved. He described how it is 'the right of the people to alter or abolish' (get rid of) the government at will 'whenever they become destructive of the ends for which they were established.' The optimism which some had had at the beginning of the war had faded away. During this course of administration, and in order to disturb it, the artillery of the Press has been levelled against us, charged with whatsoever its licentiousness could devise or dare. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. succeed. Second Inaugural Address by Jefferson Davis (Confederate States of America) Summary In this second Inaugural Address, Davis, now President of the Confederate States, speaks from what is now the Capitol of the Confederate States of America, Richmond Virginia. 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